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Optimized Portfolio

Investing and Personal Finance

  • Beginners Start Here
  • Investing 101
    • Beginners Start Here – 10 Steps To Start Building Wealth
    • What Is the Stock Market? How It Works & How to Invest in It
    • How To Invest in an Index Fund – The Best Index Funds
    • Portfolio Asset Allocation by Age
    • How To Invest Your Emergency Fund
    • Portfolio Diversification – How To Diversify Your Portfolio
    • Dollar Cost Averaging vs. Lump Sum Investing (DCA vs. LSI)
    • How To Invest Your HSA (Health Savings Account)
    • Factor Investing and Factor ETFs – The Ultimate Guide
    • more…
  • Lazy Portfolios
    • All Weather Portfolio
    • Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio
    • HEDGEFUNDIE’s Excellent Adventure
    • Warren Buffett Portfolio
    • Golden Butterfly Portfolio
    • Paul Merriman Ultimate Buy and Hold Portfolio
    • Ben Felix Model Portfolio
    • Permanent Portfolio
    • David Swensen Portfolio
    • 60/40 Portfolio
    • more…
  • Funds
    • VOO vs. VTI – Vanguard S&P 500 or Total Stock Market ETF?
    • The 7 Best International ETFs
    • The 8 Best Small Cap ETFs (4 From Vanguard)
    • The 5 Best REIT ETFs
    • The 5 Best EV ETFs – Electric Vehicles ETFs
    • VIG vs. VYM – Comparing Vanguard’s 2 Popular Dividend ETF’s
    • The Best Vanguard Dividend Funds – 4 Popular ETFs
    • The 5 Best Tech ETFs
    • The 7 Best Small Cap Value ETFs
    • The 6 Best ETFs for Taxable Accounts
    • The 5 Best Emerging Markets ETFs (1 From Vanguard) for 2023
    • more…
  • Leverage
    • What Is a Leveraged ETF and How Do They Work?
    • How To Beat the Market Using Leverage and Index Investing
    • The 9 Best Leveraged ETFs
    • Hedgefundie’s Excellent Adventure
    • Leveraged All Weather Portfolio
    • Leveraged Permanent Portfolio
    • Leveraged Golden Butterfly Portfolio
    • NTSX – Review and Summary
    • TQQQ – Is It A Good Investment?
    • PSLDX – A Review
    • SWAN – A Review
    • RPAR Risk Parity ETF Review
    • more…
  • Dividends
    • The Best M1 Finance Dividend Pie
    • The 11 Best Dividend ETFs
    • The Best Vanguard Dividend Funds – 4 Popular ETFs
    • VIG vs. VYM – Comparing Vanguard’s 2 Popular Dividend ETF’s
    • 8 Reasons Why I’m Not a Dividend Income Investor
    • QYLD – A Harsh Review
    • more…
  • Broker Reviews
    • The 5 Best Stock Brokers
    • The 4 Best Investing Apps
    • M1 Finance Review
    • Brokers with the Lowest Margin Rates
    • M1 Finance vs. Fidelity
    • M1 Finance vs. Vanguard
    • Webull vs. Robinhood
    • Stash vs. Robinhood
    • M1 Borrow Review (How M1’s Margin Loan Works)
    • more…
  • Retirement
    • The 10 Best ETFs for Retirement Portfolios in 2023
    • The 4% Rule for Retirement Withdrawal Rate – A Revisitation
    • Sequence of Return Risk in Retirement Explained
    • Traditional IRA Explained
    • Roth IRA Explained
    • 401k vs. Roth IRA
    • Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA
    • Backdoor Roth IRA Explained
    • more…

Retirement

Backdoor Roth IRA Explained – What, Where, Why, & How (2023)

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 No Comments – 9 min. read

backdoor roth ira

A backdoor Roth IRA is a way for high income earners to indirectly contribute to a Roth IRA who would otherwise be ineligible. Here we'll look at what it is and where, why, and how to open one. What Is a Backdoor Roth IRA? A backdoor Roth IRA is a way for high income earners to still be able to contribute to the account from which they'd otherwise be ineligible … [Read more...] about Backdoor Roth IRA Explained – What, Where, Why, & How (2023)

Can Teenagers Open a Roth IRA? Here’s Why They Should

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 No Comments – 4 min. read

roth ira for kids

Yes, teenagers can open a Roth IRA. In this post we'll explore how and why investing in a Roth IRA can be extremely powerful for kids. What Is a Roth IRA? First let's do a brief recap of what exactly a Roth IRA is. A Roth IRA is simply a retirement savings vehicle that was established in 1997 to help U.S. citizens save for retirement. It is an individual … [Read more...] about Can Teenagers Open a Roth IRA? Here’s Why They Should

Traditional IRA Explained – What, Who, When, Where, & How (2023)

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 No Comments – 6 min. read

traditional ira

The Traditional IRA explained. This is a guide for the U.S. tax-deferred individual retirement account. Here we'll explore what a Traditional IRA is, who they're for, when to contribute, and where, why, and how to open one. What Is a Traditional IRA? A Traditional IRA is simply a U.S. retirement savings vehicle by which investors contribute pre-tax income, that … [Read more...] about Traditional IRA Explained – What, Who, When, Where, & How (2023)

Roth IRA Explained – What, Who, When, Where, Why, & How (2023)

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 No Comments – 6 min. read

roth ira

The Roth IRA explained. This post is a guide for the U.S. tax-exempt individual retirement account. In it we'll explore what a Roth IRA is, who they're for, when to contribute, and where, why, and how to open one. What Is a Roth IRA? A Roth IRA is simply a U.S. retirement savings vehicle by which investors contribute after-tax money, that money grows tax-free, … [Read more...] about Roth IRA Explained – What, Who, When, Where, Why, & How (2023)

401k vs. Roth IRA – Which Is Better for You?

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 No Comments – 8 min. read

401k vs roth ira

A 401k and a Roth IRA are two very different types of retirement accounts for U.S. investors. Is one better than the other? Let's dive in. 401k and Roth IRA Similarities First we'll briefly go over the few similarities between a 401k and a Roth IRA. They don't have much in common. 401k and Roth IRA Differences The bulk of the discussion about a … [Read more...] about 401k vs. Roth IRA – Which Is Better for You?

Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA – Which Is Better for You? (2023)

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 No Comments – 9 min. read

roth ira vs traditional ira

Roth IRAs and Traditional IRAs are two types of retirement accounts for U.S. investors. Is one better than the other? Let's dive in. Roth IRA and Traditional IRA Similarities First we'll briefly go over similarities between a Roth IRA and a Traditional IRA. Also note that you can open either or both of these types of IRA's in addition to an … [Read more...] about Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA – Which Is Better for You? (2023)

Tail Risk – What It Is and How To Hedge Against It

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 7 Comments – 8 min. read

tail risk graph

Tail risk refers to the probability of an extreme outcome from a rare event. Here we'll look at what it is, how it affects portfolio construction, and hedging strategies for it. Introduction - What Is Tail Risk? Tail risk describes the likelihood of rare events at the ends of a probability distribution. Specifically, greater tail risk would suggest that the … [Read more...] about Tail Risk – What It Is and How To Hedge Against It

Investing Risk Explained (My Take on Portfolio Risk & Volatility)

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 4 Comments – 15 min. read

risk

In using the term "risk," different investors and advisors mean different things. There are several different types and definitions of portfolio risk. Some are more useful than others. Here's mine. What Is Portfolio Risk? In this post I'm going to be talking about systematic risk, which can't be diversified away. I already covered unsystematic risks - like … [Read more...] about Investing Risk Explained (My Take on Portfolio Risk & Volatility)

The 10 Best ETFs for Retirement Portfolios in 2023

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 12 Comments – 7 min. read

retirement

Retirees have unique needs when it comes to their investment portfolios. Here I've assembled what I think are the best ETFs for retirement portfolios in . Video Prefer video? Watch it here: Introduction - What Retirees Need From ETFs Obviously, many ETFs are perfectly suitable for both the young investor at age 20 and the retiree at age 60. But the … [Read more...] about The 10 Best ETFs for Retirement Portfolios in 2023

Portfolio Diversification – How To Diversify Your Portfolio

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 12 Comments – 25 min. read

diversification callan periodic table

Portfolio diversification is considered to be the only free lunch in investing. In this post, I'll show you why and how to diversify your portfolio. What Is Portfolio Diversification? Portfolio diversification simply means combining different assets in one's investment portfolio, effectively spreading out your risk. As the related adage says, "Don't put all your … [Read more...] about Portfolio Diversification – How To Diversify Your Portfolio

Sequence of Return Risk in Retirement Explained

Last Updated: January 19, 2023 4 Comments – 7 min. read

sequence of returns graph

Sequence of return risk may very well ruin your financial retirement plans, and all from sheer bad luck. Here we’ll look at the nature and implications of sequence of return risk in retirement, and some proposed solutions to at least mitigate its potential negative impact. What Is Sequence of Return Risk? Sequence of return refers to the variability of … [Read more...] about Sequence of Return Risk in Retirement Explained

Portfolio Asset Allocation by Age – Beginners To Retirees

Last Updated: January 22, 2023 20 Comments – 18 min. read

asset allocation by age chart graph

Asset allocation refers to the ratio among different asset types in one's investment portfolio. Here we'll look at how to set one's portfolio asset allocation by age and risk tolerance, from young beginners to retirees, including calculations and examples. In a hurry? Here are the highlights: Asset Allocation Video Prefer video? Watch it here: What … [Read more...] about Portfolio Asset Allocation by Age – Beginners To Retirees

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