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Optimized Portfolio

Investing and Personal Finance

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  • Investing 101
    • Beginners Start Here – 10 Steps To Start Building Wealth
    • What Is the Stock Market? How It Works & How to Invest in It
    • How To Invest in an Index Fund – The Best Index Funds
    • Portfolio Asset Allocation by Age
    • How To Invest Your Emergency Fund
    • Portfolio Diversification – How To Diversify Your Portfolio
    • Dollar Cost Averaging vs. Lump Sum Investing (DCA vs. LSI)
    • How To Invest Your HSA (Health Savings Account)
    • Factor Investing and Factor ETFs – The Ultimate Guide
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  • Lazy Portfolios
    • All Weather Portfolio
    • Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio
    • HEDGEFUNDIE’s Excellent Adventure
    • Warren Buffett Portfolio
    • Golden Butterfly Portfolio
    • Paul Merriman Ultimate Buy and Hold Portfolio
    • Ben Felix Model Portfolio
    • Permanent Portfolio
    • David Swensen Portfolio
    • 60/40 Portfolio
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  • Funds
    • VOO vs. VTI – Vanguard S&P 500 or Total Stock Market ETF?
    • The 7 Best International ETFs
    • The 8 Best Small Cap ETFs (4 From Vanguard)
    • The 5 Best REIT ETFs
    • The 5 Best EV ETFs – Electric Vehicles ETFs
    • VIG vs. VYM – Comparing Vanguard’s 2 Popular Dividend ETF’s
    • The Best Vanguard Dividend Funds – 4 Popular ETFs
    • The 5 Best Tech ETFs
    • The 7 Best Small Cap Value ETFs
    • The 6 Best ETFs for Taxable Accounts
    • The 5 Best Emerging Markets ETFs (1 From Vanguard) for 2023
    • more…
  • Leverage
    • What Is a Leveraged ETF and How Do They Work?
    • How To Beat the Market Using Leverage and Index Investing
    • The 9 Best Leveraged ETFs
    • Hedgefundie’s Excellent Adventure
    • Leveraged All Weather Portfolio
    • Leveraged Permanent Portfolio
    • Leveraged Golden Butterfly Portfolio
    • NTSX – Review and Summary
    • TQQQ – Is It A Good Investment?
    • PSLDX – A Review
    • SWAN – A Review
    • RPAR Risk Parity ETF Review
    • more…
  • Dividends
    • The Best M1 Finance Dividend Pie
    • The 11 Best Dividend ETFs
    • The Best Vanguard Dividend Funds – 4 Popular ETFs
    • VIG vs. VYM – Comparing Vanguard’s 2 Popular Dividend ETF’s
    • 8 Reasons Why I’m Not a Dividend Income Investor
    • QYLD – A Harsh Review
    • more…
  • Brokers
    • The 5 Best Stock Brokers
    • The 4 Best Investing Apps
    • M1 Finance Review
    • Brokers with the Lowest Margin Rates
    • M1 Finance vs. Fidelity
    • M1 Finance vs. Vanguard
    • Webull vs. Robinhood
    • Stash vs. Robinhood
    • M1 Borrow Review (How M1’s Margin Loan Works)
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  • Retirement
    • The 10 Best ETFs for Retirement Portfolios in 2023
    • The 4% Rule for Retirement Withdrawal Rate – A Revisitation
    • Sequence of Return Risk in Retirement Explained
    • Traditional IRA Explained
    • Roth IRA Explained
    • 401k vs. Roth IRA
    • Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA
    • Backdoor Roth IRA Explained
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  • My Toolbox

Funds

VBIL vs. SGOV – Which ETF for T-Bills?

Last Updated: September 8, 2025 No Comments – 2 min. read

vbil vs sgov

SGOV was long one of the go-to ETFs for T-bills. Now Vanguard launched their own T-bills ETF with VBIL. Which should you choose? I compare them here. So one of my most popular blog posts and videos is my simple overview of SGOV. This makes sense, as it has long been one of the most popular ETFs to capture short-dated US Treasury Bills, or T-bills for short, with over $50 … [Read more...] about VBIL vs. SGOV – Which ETF for T-Bills?

VTG ETF – Vanguard Launches Total US Treasury Bond Market ETF

Last Updated: August 24, 2025 No Comments – 2 min. read

vtg etf

Vanguard launched the VTG ETF for the total U.S. treasury bond market in July 2025. I briefly summarize it here. After previously having no singular product to capture the entire US treasury bond market in one fell swoop, Vanguard has finally launched a new ETF for it. Its ticker is VTG. The US treasury bond market is the largest and most liquid segment of fixed … [Read more...] about VTG ETF – Vanguard Launches Total US Treasury Bond Market ETF

Vanguard Launches 2 New ETFs for T-Bills – VBIL and VGUS

Last Updated: September 8, 2025 2 Comments – 2 min. read

vbil vgus

Vanguard launched new ETFs for U.S. T-Bills in February 2025 - VBIL and VGUS. I briefly summarize them here. After weirdly previously having no products for Treasury Bills and hearing investors' demands for short-term liquidity, Vanguard has finally launched 2 new ETFs for them. “VGUS and VBIL can be a solution for those who rely on ultra-short bond funds and … [Read more...] about Vanguard Launches 2 New ETFs for T-Bills – VBIL and VGUS

RSBY ETF Review – Return Stacked® U.S. Bonds & Futures Yield ETF

Last Updated: November 7, 2025 3 Comments – 8 min. read

rsby etf

The RSBY ETF aims to provide a "return stacked" solution for U.S. bonds and futures yield in a single fund. It's called the Return Stacked® U.S. Bonds & Futures Yield ETF. I review it here. If you've landed here, it's highly likely that you're already at least somewhat familiar with "return stacking" and you've probably even already checked out the other funds in this … [Read more...] about RSBY ETF Review – Return Stacked® U.S. Bonds & Futures Yield ETF

1 ETF for Life to Get Rich? It’s Not One You’d Guess…

Last Updated: August 14, 2024 7 Comments – 4 min. read

Is there one single ETF you can hold forever to get rich and save for retirement? Yes, and it's probably not one you would guess... Prefer video? Watch it below. If not, keep scrolling to keep reading. So I've referenced the famous Bogleheads 3 Fund Portfolio many times in various blog posts on this site, and for good reason - it's a simple, low-cost, … [Read more...] about 1 ETF for Life to Get Rich? It’s Not One You’d Guess…

SPLG / SPYM ETF Review – A Cheaper Way To Buy the S&P 500 Index

Last Updated: November 29, 2025 1 Comment – 2 min. read

splg etf

The SPLG ETF from SPDR tracks the S&P 500 Index and has lowered its fee to 0.02%, making it cheaper than its competitors VOO, IVV, and SPY in 2024. I briefly review it here. Update in November 2025: SPLG is now SPYM. Same fund. Just a name change in the form of a different ticker. Prefer video? Watch it below. If not, keep scrolling to keep reading. Recall … [Read more...] about SPLG / SPYM ETF Review – A Cheaper Way To Buy the S&P 500 Index

RSSY ETF Review – Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Futures Yield ETF

Last Updated: November 7, 2025 4 Comments – 8 min. read

rssy

The RSSY ETF aims to provide a "return stacked" solution for U.S. stocks and futures yield in a single fund. It's called the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Futures Yield ETF. I review it here. If you've landed here, it's highly likely that you're already at least somewhat familiar with "return stacking" and you've probably even already checked out the other funds in … [Read more...] about RSSY ETF Review – Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Futures Yield ETF

RSBT ETF Review – Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF

Last Updated: November 7, 2025 2 Comments – 10 min. read

rsbt

The RSBT ETF aims to provide a "return stacked" solution for bonds and managed futures in a single fund. It's called the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF. I review it here. If you've landed here, chances are you're already at least somewhat familiar with "return stacking" and maybe you've even already checked out the other funds in this family like RSSB and … [Read more...] about RSBT ETF Review – Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF

RSST ETF Review – Return Stacked® US Stocks & Managed Futures ETF

Last Updated: November 7, 2025 3 Comments – 7 min. read

rsst

The RSST ETF launched in late 2023 and aims to provide a "return stacked" solution for US stocks and managed futures in a single fund. Appropriately, it's called the Return Stacked® US Stocks & Managed Futures ETF. Let's review it. First, let's briefly cover what "return stacking" is. Essentially, it refers to borrowing (i.e. leverage) to free up space in the portfolio … [Read more...] about RSST ETF Review – Return Stacked® US Stocks & Managed Futures ETF

CAOS ETF Review – Alpha Architect Tail Risk ETF

Last Updated: June 29, 2024 1 Comment – 13 min. read

caos

The CAOS ETF from Alpha Architect aims to address left tail risk during tumultuous periods of "chaos" in the stock market. I review it here and explore how CAOS does this and why you might want to consider it in your investment portfolio. Introduction - Tail Risk To set the stage for a discussion of the CAOS ETF, let's first very briefly talk about tail risk to … [Read more...] about CAOS ETF Review – Alpha Architect Tail Risk ETF

CALF ETF Review – Pacer U.S. Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF

Last Updated: August 9, 2024 No Comments – 7 min. read

calf

The CALF ETF from Pacer seeks to capture US small cap stocks with higher free cash flow yield, which it calls "cash cows." I review it here. CALF ETF Overview Small cap stocks have greater expected returns than large cap stocks because they tend to be riskier and more volatile. Small stocks have beaten large stocks historically, compensating investors for taking … [Read more...] about CALF ETF Review – Pacer U.S. Small Cap Cash Cows 100 ETF

AVMA ETF Review – Avantis Moderate Allocation ETF (60/40 + Factors)

Last Updated: May 16, 2024 1 Comment – 4 min. read

avma

Avantis has launched AVMA, a factor-tilted asset allocation ETF with global stocks and bonds. I review it here. Prefer video? Watch it below. If not, keep scrolling to keep reading. I've written plenty elsewhere about factor investing, diversification, and asset allocation. Avantis has now combined all three in a single fund that they call their Moderate Allocation … [Read more...] about AVMA ETF Review – Avantis Moderate Allocation ETF (60/40 + Factors)

COWZ ETF Review – Pacer U.S. Cash Cows 100 ETF

Last Updated: August 9, 2024 1 Comment – 8 min. read

cowz image

The COWZ ETF from Pacer seeks to hold "cash cows" - US large cap stocks with higher free cash flow yield. I review it here. COWZ ETF Overview For any kind of reliable stability within stocks, we probably want to invest in a company that is profitable, meaning its revenue is greater than its expenses. Some perhaps don't realize that the famous S&P 500 Index for … [Read more...] about COWZ ETF Review – Pacer U.S. Cash Cows 100 ETF

BOXX ETF Review – Alpha Architect 1-3 Month Box ETF

Last Updated: August 19, 2025 5 Comments – 7 min. read

box

What if I told you there’s a way to get the risk-free return of T-bills but in a way that’s more tax-efficient than buying T-bills directly or buying a T-bills fund like SGOV? Here I review the BOXX ETF and why you might want to consider it over your favorite T-bills ETF or money market fund for your cash management needs. Video Prefer video? Watch it below. If … [Read more...] about BOXX ETF Review – Alpha Architect 1-3 Month Box ETF

Avantis Launches 3 New ETFs – AVMC, AVMV, AVEE

Last Updated: November 18, 2023 3 Comments – 2 min. read

Avantis launched new ETFs on November 9, 2023 - AVMC, AVMV, and AVEE. I briefly summarize them here. Avantis launched 3 new ETFs to provide narrow exposure to corners of the market that they previously didn't have dedicated funds for. AVMC - Avantis U.S. Mid Cap Equity ETF AVMC, the Avantis U.S. Mid Cap Equity ETF, provides exposure to the arguably … [Read more...] about Avantis Launches 3 New ETFs – AVMC, AVMV, AVEE

BlackRock iShares Launches First Target Date ETFs

Last Updated: January 14, 2024 1 Comment – 3 min. read

ishares target date chart

Previously you could only get a target date fund in the form of a mutual fund. Now they're available as ETFs. Prefer video? Watch it below. If not, keep scrolling to keep reading. The enormous asset manager BlackRock has launched the industry's first lineup of target date ETFs. I've noted elsewhere why ETFs are usually preferable to mutual funds for a number … [Read more...] about BlackRock iShares Launches First Target Date ETFs

3 Best Floating Rate Bond ETFs – USFR vs. TFLO vs. FLOT

Last Updated: July 21, 2023 No Comments – 4 min. read

otter floating

Floating rate bonds adjust quickly to interest rate changes. Here we'll compare the best floating rate ETFs - USFR, TFLO, and FLOT. Video Prefer video? Watch it here: What Are Floating Rate Bonds? Floating rate bonds are debt instruments with variable interest rates, as opposed to a typical bond with a fixed rate. That interest rate is based on some … [Read more...] about 3 Best Floating Rate Bond ETFs – USFR vs. TFLO vs. FLOT

Avantis Files for 6 New ETFs – AVGV, AVDS, AVMG, AVTD, AVTV, AVLC

Last Updated: May 22, 2024 1 Comment – 2 min. read

Avantis filed for 6 new ETFs on March 21, 2023 - AVGV, AVDS, AVMG, AVTD, AVTV, and AVLC. I briefly summarize them here. Update May 2024: The ticker for AVTV ended up being AVNV and is the Avantis All International Markets Value ETF. Avantis clearly provides great factor funds. They're expanding their offering with 6 new ETFs. Most are "fund of funds" … [Read more...] about Avantis Files for 6 New ETFs – AVGV, AVDS, AVMG, AVTD, AVTV, AVLC

AVGV ETF Review – Avantis All Equity Markets Value ETF

Last Updated: July 31, 2024 16 Comments – 3 min. read

avgv

AVGV is a new ETF from Avantis that is a single fund solution for the global stock market investor who wants to go all in on Value stocks. I review it here. Prefer video? Watch it here. If not, continue scrolling to read below. If you've arrived here, I'd guess you already know Avantis is one of the best names in the biz for factor funds, that Value has the most … [Read more...] about AVGV ETF Review – Avantis All Equity Markets Value ETF

Return Stacking Explained – Greater Returns With Lower Risk?

Last Updated: June 27, 2024 13 Comments – 9 min. read

return stacking

Return stacking refers to applying a modest amount of leverage to a diversified investment portfolio of different asset classes in an attempt to ratchet up expected returns while simultaneously potentially lowering or at least maintaining risk. Here we'll look at what return stacking is and when, why, and how to do it. What Is Return Stacking? Return stacking is … [Read more...] about Return Stacking Explained – Greater Returns With Lower Risk?

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John Williamson, APMA®

Analytical data nerd, investing enthusiast, fintech consultant, Boglehead, and Oxford comma advocate. I'm not a big fan of social media, but you can find me on LinkedIn and Reddit. Read More…

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