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14 DFA ETFs (Dimensional Fund Advisors) for Factor Tilts

Last Updated: February 14, 2023 13 Comments – 6 min. read

Investors rejoice. DFA funds are now available to retail investors in the form of ETFs. Below we’ll explore the ETFs offered by Dimensional Fund Advisors.

Disclosure:  Some of the links on this page are referral links. At no additional cost to you, if you choose to make a purchase or sign up for a service after clicking through those links, I may receive a small commission. This allows me to continue producing high-quality, ad-free content on this site and pays for the occasional cup of coffee. I have first-hand experience with every product or service I recommend, and I recommend them because I genuinely believe they are useful, not because of the commission I get if you decide to purchase through my links. Read more here.

Contents

  • Video
  • Introduction – Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA) ETFs
  • Core Equity Market ETFs
    • DFAU – Dimensional U.S. Core Equity Market ETF
    • DFAI – Dimensional International Core Equity Market ETF
    • DFAE – Dimensional Emerging Core Equity Market ETF
  • Tax-Managed Mutual Funds To ETFs Conversion
    • DFUS – Dimensional U.S. Equity ETF
    • DFAS – Dimensional U.S. Small Cap ETF
    • DFAT – Dimensional U.S. Targeted Value ETF
    • DFIV – Dimensional International Value ETF
  • Core Equity 2 ETFs
    • DFAC – Dimensional U.S. Core Equity 2 ETF
    • DFIC – Dimensional International Core Equity 2 ETF
    • DFEM – Dimensional Emerging Markets Core Equity 2 ETF
    • DFAX – Dimensional World ex U.S. Core Equity 2 ETF
  • Concentrated Targeting
    • DFSV – Dimensional US Small Cap Value ETF
    • DISV – Dimensional International Small Cap Value ETF
    • DFEV – Dimensional Emerging Markets Value ETF
  • Where To Buy These DFA ETFs

Video

Prefer video? Watch it here:

Introduction – Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA) ETFs

Mutual funds have begun migrating to ETF equivalents, even across traditional brokers like Fidelity and Schwab. Perhaps the most anticipated has been Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA).

dimensional fund advisors etfs logo

In a nutshell, DFA offers funds that provide broad, diversified market exposure with targeted, evidence-based factor exposure in order to both manage risk more effectively and boost expected returns, all at a relatively low cost. While they are technically actively managed, they are more index-y than the true “active” we usually think of. DFA managers are assembling funds based not on an arbitrary selection of stocks, but rather a systematic compilation of a rigidly defined group of stocks with particular characteristics. They have been converting their mutual funds to ETFs recently and simultaneously lowering fees.

Dimensional Fund Advisors, founded in 1981, led the way in implementing factor-based funds. Its co-founder David Booth was also heavily involved in pioneering index funds. Their Board of Directors includes famous names like Eugene Fama, Kenneth French, and Myron Scholes. Merton Miller was one of the original founding board members.

DFA has long been the gold standard for data-driven factor tilts (e.g. Value and Profitability), used by many asset management firms like Buckingham Strategic Wealth and PWL Capital. Previously, Dimensional’s funds were unavailable to DIY retail investors, which is why their launch of ETFs is so exciting.

Recall from my separate post on factor investing that the key is the implementation of factor targeting, which is altogether a different feat compared to the identification of a factor. The appeal of Dimensional is their proprietary, robust, impressive implementation.

DFA’s consistent, academia-derived strategies have been refined over the course of 40 years. They aim to focus on capturing the Market, Size, Value, and Profitability factor premia while maintaining portfolio diversification across cap sizes and geographies as well as minimizing turnover, trading costs, and tax impact.

So far DFA has released quite a few new ETFs for retail investors, which we’ll discuss below, but they’ve also converted several of their tax-managed mutual funds to ETFs as well.

The Dimensional ETF landscape can be extremely confusing to navigate, and they don’t seem to make much of an effort to simplify it. I’ve tried to make it more understandable by breaking these up into parent categories. Also note all these ETFs are for equities.

Core Equity Market ETFs

First we’ll go over 3 new core market ETFs. As the name suggests, these 3 core equity market ETFs are designed to be a broad core holding with light factor tilts. In my opinion, these 3 ETFs don’t look terribly different from plain index funds from Vanguard, for example. These may arguably be appropriate for the novice investor dipping their toes into factors.

DFAU – Dimensional U.S. Core Equity Market ETF

As the name suggests, the Dimensional U.S. Core Equity Market ETF (DFAU) aims to provide broad U.S. market exposure, with an active, light tilt toward smaller stocks (Size) with strong profitability metrics (Profitability) and a lower relative price (Value). Think basically a U.S. stock market index fund that skews toward smaller stocks that we should expect to outperform the market over the long term based on the research.

In its extremely short lifespan thus far since January 2021, DFAU has outperformed the S&P 500 index, and with lower volatility. Hopefully the Value premium is making a resurgence.

DFAU has an expense ratio of 0.12%.

DFAI – Dimensional International Core Equity Market ETF

DFAI takes the same approach described for DFAU, but this time for Developed Markets outside the United States. If you desire factor exposure outside the U.S., DFAI is a reasonable solution. On the other hand, you may be content with factor exposure in U.S. stocks and a simpler, cheaper international equities fund like VXUS from Vanguard. This factor targeting in Developed Markets comes at a cost; DFAI has an expense ratio of 0.18%.

DFAE – Dimensional Emerging Core Equity Market ETF

Lastly, DFAE applies Dimensional’s approach to Emerging Markets. I’m a fan of overweighting Emerging Markets relative to Developed Markets in a US-heavy portfolio, as Developed Markets are highly correlated to the U.S.

This fund has the highest expense ratio of the three at 0.35%.

Tax-Managed Mutual Funds To ETFs Conversion

Dimensional started its conversion of several of its tax-managed mutual funds to ETFs in June, 2021. The following 4 funds are the resulting ETF equivalents.

The name of this section refers to the mutual fund conversions; it’s not meant to suggest that these ETFs are more tax-efficient than others on this list. After all, the ETF vehicle is inherently more tax-efficient than a mutual fund.

DFUS – Dimensional U.S. Equity ETF

DFUS used to be DTMEX, the Tax-Managed US Equity Portfolio. This ETF should provide similar exposure to DFAU earlier but at a slightly lower fee of 0.11%.

DFAS – Dimensional U.S. Small Cap ETF

DFAS is formerly the Tax-Managed US Small Cap Equity Portfolio (DFTSX). Its expense ratio has been lowered from 0.43% to 0.33%.

While Dimensional is known for small cap value, keep in mind this ETF broadly covers the small cap space in the U.S. with a light Value tilt.

DFAT – Dimensional U.S. Targeted Value ETF

DFAT is formerly the Tax-Managed US Targeted Value Portfolio (DTMVX). The fund has nearly $6 billion in assets. Its expense ratio dropped from 0.43% to 0.33%.

As the name suggests, this fund does indeed provide significant loading on the Value factor, but is more of a mid-cap value fund than a true small-cap value fund. Its loading on the Size factor is considerably lower than popular small-cap value funds like VIOV and AVUV. It also doesn’t seem to care as much about Profitability and Investment, whereas VIOV’s underlying index methodology and AVUV’s active management provide appreciable exposure to both of these as well.

DFIV – Dimensional International Value ETF

The Dimensional International Value ETF (DFIV) is formerly the Tax-Managed International Value Portfolio (DTMIX), with its expense ratio lowered from 0.50% to 0.35%.

Core Equity 2 ETFs

The “2” in the name for the next few funds means more aggressive factor tilts than the broader funds we covered at the top. So these 4 are still broadly diversified core funds but just with greater factor loadings. As such, these funds are more appropriate for the dedicated factor investor who still wants broad core diversification.

DFAC – Dimensional U.S. Core Equity 2 ETF

The Dimensional U.S. Core Equity 2 ETF (DFAC) is formerly the TA US Core Equity 2 Portfolio (DFTCX), with its fee lowered from 0.23% from 0.19%.

The number “2” in the name means more aggressive factor tilts than the lighter, broader, funds mentioned previously like DFUS and DFAU. Because of this, DFAC is by far the most popular ETF on this list in terms of assets under management.

DFIC – Dimensional International Core Equity 2 ETF

DFIC is the equivalent of DFAC for ex-US Developed Markets. This fund has a fee of 0.23%.

DFEM – Dimensional Emerging Markets Core Equity 2 ETF

DFEM is Dimensional’s “Core Equity 2” offering for Emerging Markets, meaning more aggressive factor tilts among developing countries. DFEM has a fee of 0.39%.

DFAX – Dimensional World ex U.S. Core Equity 2 ETF

DFAX is formerly the TA World ex US Core Equity Portfolio (DFTWX), with its fee lowered from 0.30% to 0.25%.

Note that DFAX is the only fund on this list that captures both Developed and Emerging markets outside the U.S. With some hand waving, DFIC + DFEM = DFAX.

Concentrated Targeting

These last 3 ETFs are the newest and most concentrated on the list with the greatest factor loadings. That doesn’t necessarily make them the “best” funds on the list, though, as these would not really be suitable as a core holding because they are not broadly diversified. As such, they should probably only be used to tilt.

DFSV – Dimensional US Small Cap Value ETF

DFSV is a newer ETF on this list that launched in early 2022. It is inarguably the truest U.S. small cap value fund on this list with vastly superior factor loadings compared to DFAT. Basically, for those wanting an ultra-targeted factor ETF from DFA for US small cap value stocks, DFSV would be the one to go with.

DFSV has a mutual fund equivalent DFSVX that has been around since 1993.

I wrote a separate dedicated post on DFSV here. This fund has a fee of 0.31%.

DISV – Dimensional International Small Cap Value ETF

Think of DISV as the equivalent to DFSV for ex-US Developed Markets. In other words, it provides targeted small cap value exposure in developed countries outside the United States.

DISV has a fee of 0.42%.

DFEV – Dimensional Emerging Markets Value ETF

DFEV rounds out this section for ultra-targeted factor exposure in Emerging Markets. DFEV has a fee of 0.43%.

Where To Buy These DFA ETFs

Thankfully, most of the above DFA ETFs should now be available at any major broker. My choice is M1 Finance. The broker has zero trade commissions and zero account fees, and offers fractional shares, dynamic rebalancing, intuitive pie visualization, and a sleek, user-friendly interface and mobile app. I wrote a comprehensive review of M1 Finance here.


Interested in more Lazy Portfolios? See the full list here.

Disclaimer:  While I love diving into investing-related data and playing around with backtests, I am in no way a certified expert. I have no formal financial education. I am not a financial advisor, portfolio manager, or accountant. This is not financial advice, investing advice, or tax advice. The information on this website is for informational and recreational purposes only. Investment products discussed (ETFs, mutual funds, etc.) are for illustrative purposes only. It is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or otherwise transact in any of the products mentioned. Do your own due diligence. Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Read my lengthier disclaimer here.

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About John Williamson

Analytical and entrepreneurial-minded data nerd, usability enthusiast, Boglehead, and Oxford comma advocate. I lead the Paid Search marketing efforts at Gild Group. I'm not a big fan of social media, but you can find me on LinkedIn and Reddit.

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. Jon says

    January 6, 2023 at 9:59 am

    Can’t believe I’m just finding out about these ETFs. I’d like to investigate more into DFAC and DFAX. That seems to be an easy way to make a Bogle-like portfolio. I would like to see how that combination compares to something like the recent AVGE.

    Reply
  2. Kenster says

    April 30, 2022 at 8:38 am

    Not sure why DFA created 2 ETFs – DFUS and DFAU – that are practically indistinguishable, except that DFUS is described as managed for tax-effiency.

    I really don’t see their need to create DFAU.

    DFAC – US Core Equity 2 ETF – is one I like. It has more factor tilts than those other 2 and is actually the closest to Avantis’ AVUS. And it has a pretty solid asset base – $14B in assets and good trading volume.

    Reply
  3. Pete says

    April 27, 2022 at 5:00 pm

    Hey John – thanks for the write up as usual! Thought I’d have something interesting to add regarding this;

    “They aim to focus on capturing the Market, Size, Value, and Profitability factor premia while maintaining portfolio diversification across cap sizes and geographies as well as minimizing turnover, trading costs, and tax impact.”

    I was just listening to the RR podcast #100 with Ken French, where he mentioned that they use momentum too. He basically said that if there’s a stock that they should sell for one reason or another, but has been doing well over the past few months, they’ll hold onto it, and vice versa.

    Reply
    • John Williamson says

      April 28, 2022 at 1:31 pm

      Yep, good point Pete! DFA and Avantis both make an effort to make sure they’re not trading against Momentum.

      Reply
  4. Frederico says

    September 16, 2021 at 8:49 am

    What is “Tax-Managed US Equity Portfolio” What is the practical difference of DFAU e DFUS for a non US?

    Thanks

    Reply
    • John Williamson says

      September 19, 2021 at 3:34 pm

      Would probably still be beneficial because it just means they take tax consequences into consideration when trading (or rather, not trading), but consult a tax professional for a better answer.

      Reply
  5. Buddy says

    August 23, 2021 at 2:10 am

    Thanks for all your factor-related materials. Is this good enough for my Lazy DFA Portfolio?

    42% – Dimensional US Core Equity Market; DFAU
    24% – Dimensional International Core Equity Market; DFAI
    12% – Dimensional Emerging Core Equity Market; DFAE
    14% – Dimensional US Targeted Value; DFAT
    8% – Dimensional International Value; DFIV

    Reply
  6. Bud says

    August 20, 2021 at 2:42 pm

    Can you please add (or modify) a Lazy Portfolio with some Dimensional ETFs?

    Reply
    • John Williamson says

      August 20, 2021 at 2:59 pm

      Sure thing. Thanks for the suggestion. Any particular one(s) you’d be interested in?

      Reply
      • Sam Ram says

        September 1, 2021 at 12:40 pm

        John,

        can you please suggest on how do we modify model portfolio suggested by you in https://www.optimizedportfolio.com/ben-felix-model-portfolio/
        using dfa etfs?

        Reply
        • John Williamson says

          September 1, 2021 at 4:00 pm

          DFAU, DFAI, DFAE, DFAT, DFIV. Not sure why you’d want to though. It’d be worse exposure and higher fees.

          Reply
  7. Davis says

    April 27, 2021 at 12:31 pm

    Hi John,

    Thank you so much for producing all of this content! Do you have any thoughts on the relative merits of DFA vs. Avantis ETFs? For example would you consider investing in DFAU over AVUS and why would you do so? The differences that I can see right off the bat are that DFAU is just a little bit cheaper but that (at time of writing) AVUS has had a slightly better performance. Do you know what the differences are that could explain this?

    As always your articles are so so informative, I have learned so much from you! Thank you, Davis

    Reply
    • John Williamson says

      April 27, 2021 at 2:49 pm

      Thanks for the kind words, Davis! So glad you’ve found the content useful and informative!

      So Avantis was actually started by some folks who left DFA, so I’d expect the methodologies to be roughly the same. Either DFAU or AVUS would be a fine choice for market-like exposure with light factor tilts. Both of these funds seem to have done what they strive to so far – small tilts for Size, Value, and Profitability. Since DFAU is so new, I won’t be able to see its actual factor loading for a couple more months, but it should be close to AVUS. Any differences would explain the difference in performance.

      If I had to guess, the performance difference is likely due to AVUS holding slightly smaller stocks compared to DFAU.

      Reply

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