The Gone Fishin’ Portfolio from Alexander Green is composed of 10 different assets. Here we’ll check out its components, historical performance, my critique, and proposed modifications.
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Contents
Who Is Alexander Green?
Alexander Green is the designer of the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio. He is the Chief Investment Strategist of The Oxford Club, “a private, international network of trustworthy and knowledgeable investors and entrepreneurs.” From what I can gather, essentially it’s a newsletter. That’s not a bad thing; apparently it’s ranked pretty highly among investing subscriptions.
In the past, Green has worked as an investment advisor, research analyst, and portfolio manager. He has written several books:
- The Gone Fishin’ Portfolio: Get Wise, Get Wealthy…and Get on With Your Life
- Beyond Wealth: The Road Map to a Rich Life
- An Embarrassment of Riches: Tapping Into the World’s Greatest Legacy of Wealth
- The Secret of Shelter Island: Money and What Matters
What Is the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio?
The Gone Fishin’ Portfolio is a diversified mix of 10 assets. It gets its name from the idea that you can go fishing with all the time you save by using a lazy portfolio and not having to monitor, manage, or change it.
Rather than guessing which assets will outperform during which years, Green advocates for diversifying broadly across them to reduce portfolio risk and drawdowns, similar to the idea behind the famous All Weather Portfolio. I can get behind that.
Green suggests that the portfolio is “breathtakingly simple” in that the investor only needs to set it up and then rebalance it once a year. I can definitely think of simpler portfolios, like the 3 Fund Portfolio, but it is indeed still simple compared to active management.
The assets and the allocations thereof for the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio draw on the ideas of Nobel laureate Harry Markowitz, considered the father of Modern Portfolio Theory, who showed you can mathematically maximize risk-adjusted return pretty easily, at least in hindsight, by calculating the optimal asset allocation along what’s called the Efficient Frontier – basically, diversifying across different, uncorrelated assets to reduce risk where it makes sense without sacrificing too much return in doing so. In Green’s words, “it’s breaking down your portfolio into different baskets, or classes of investments, to maximize returns and minimize risk. As the cliche goes, ‘Don’t put all your eggs into one basket.'”
By diversifying across uncorrelated assets, we mean holding different assets that will perform well at different times. For example, when stocks zig, bonds tend to zag. Those 2 assets are uncorrelated. Holding both provides a smoother ride through choppy waters, reducing portfolio volatility (variability of return) and risk. We can extend the concept to more assets – real estate, metals, etc. – which is what Green did in designing the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio.
The allocations are as follows:
- 15% U.S. Stocks
- 15% U.S. Small Cap Stocks
- 10% European Stocks
- 10% Pacific Stocks
- 10% Emerging Markets Stocks
- 10% Short-Term Investment-Grade Bonds
- 10% High-Yield Corporate Bonds
- 10% TIPS (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities)
- 5% REITs
- 5% Precious Metals
Gone Fishin’ Portfolio Performance vs. the S&P 500
Going back to 2001 when TIPS data starts and looking through 2020, the performances of the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio and the S&P 500 in terms of real return have been very close:
But if we look at the last decade, we see a very different story:
Green has claimed multiple times that “the portfolio has beaten the S&P 500 every year.” I don’t know what linguistic sleight of hand he may be trying to pull or what metric he’s talking about, because that is demonstrably untrue, even on a risk-adjusted basis:
Moreover, Green also claims that by investing in the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio, we’re “taking much less risk than being fully invested in stocks.” I wouldn’t say it’s “much less” risk. We can see that the volatility and drawdown metrics of the GFP compared to the S&P 500 are not very different. Those differences may be – and probably should be – negligible to a long-term investor. A true risk-averse investor would seek something like the All Weather Portfolio that does deliver on the promise of appreciably lower volatility and risk compared to 100% stocks.
My Review of the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio
I got a bit long-winded, so I broke this up into sections:
The Good
- I’m a fan of lazy portfolios and diversification, especially for risk-averse investors.
- I love the healthy allocation to ex-US international stocks; the vast majority of U.S. retail investors don’t have enough international exposure in equities because they irrationally fear them and/or think they’ll drag down returns.
- I also like the overweighting of Emerging Markets relative to their global market weight and the inclusion of TIPS, two tactics that many lazy portfolios overlook. Ideally, I’d overweight Emerging Markets even further, as they have a reliably lower correlation to the U.S. – and are thus a superior diversifier – compared to Developed Markets.
- I like the purposeful overweighting of U.S. small caps, but it’s suboptimal; more on that in a sec.
The Not So Good
Let me preface all my “not so good” comments by saying I have not read Green’s book. After seeing the portfolio, I honestly don’t think I want to. But in total fairness to him, perhaps he lays out his reasons in the book for the specific selection of assets and maybe those reasons are things I haven’t thought of. That said, I do everything by the numbers, the data, and the evidence, and there’s no room for subjectivity in those, so strap in.
Regarding point number 4 above, we know that the Size premium only applies to small cap value stocks and that we should probably avoid the “black hole” that is small cap growth stocks to effectively “control your junk.” In other words, small cap growth stocks don’t tend to pay a risk premium. The Gone Fishin’ Portfolio, by using a broad small cap index, is exposed for about 7.5% small cap growth stocks. I’d rather see that 15% allocation go entirely to U.S. small cap value to capture the Size premium more effectively, as well as more of the expected Value premium and a slightly better diversification benefit.
Extending that argument, using a fund like VIOV or AVUV for U.S. small cap value that happens to screen for strong financials would also conveniently provide some exposure to Profitability, thus further diversifying the portfolio’s factor exposure, and diversification is supposed to be supremely important here. Moreover, if we’re overweighting small caps in the U.S., why not also do so abroad?
We know that Green knows about the Size premium and that consequently, a statistically solid bet is to overweight small caps, which is the justification for their conclusion, so then why not follow that bet to its logical conclusion and only use small cap value? If we’re citing and utilizing Markowitz, Efficient Frontiers, risk-adjusted returns, etc., why not also utilize the vast wealth of research produced by some other Nobel laureates named Fama and French? If Green knew about the former, he had to also know about the latter. Green published the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio in 2010. The Fama French 3 Factor Model was published in the early 1990’s. Perhaps it’s because Green has explicitly stated that he doesn’t believe in the Efficient Market Hypothesis, so he may be throwing the baby out with the bathwater.
Next, and this is admittedly a minor grievance, I see no reason for the segmentation of Pacific and European stocks if we’re holding them in equal weights. Cheaper, more liquid funds abound for ex-US Developed Markets, which are roughly half Pacific stocks and half European stocks. Green always mentions the “simplicity” of the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio when discussing it. This seems like an obvious example of unnecessary complexity and increased costs.
The Weird and the Ugly
Then we get to the fixed income allocation: 1/3 short-term investment-grade bonds, 1/3 high-yield corporate bonds, and 1/3 TIPS. As I’ve said, I like the TIPS position. But overall, by my calculation, the average effective maturity of the fixed income allocation is about 5 years. If this is meant to be a long-term portfolio, why is the fixed income duration so short? At the very least, I’d want to replace the short-term bonds – considered a cash equivalent – with intermediate term bonds, but truthfully I’d likely go further and use long bonds to roughly match the average bond maturity to my time horizon, which is much greater than 5 years.
Moreover, the greater volatility of longer bonds as a flight-to-safety asset is better able to counteract the downward movement of stocks, as I’ve shown before. Again, Green tells us diversification is the primary concern. Then we should want to better diversify the portfolio’s risk exposure. With such a short effective duration on the fixed income side, roughly 90% of the portfolio’s risk is still being contributed by equities.
Arguably more importantly, we know that nominal treasury bonds are an objectively superior diversifier to hold alongside stocks compared to corporate bonds. Duration aside, using treasuries instead of the broader investment-grade bond landscape seems prudent. But the more offensive thing is the inclusion of high-yield corporate bonds. This one is baffling to me. We know that corporate bonds in general are essentially a halfway point between treasuries and stocks, but junk bonds are highly correlated with stocks and are almost exclusively utilized for current income from their higher yield, which we don’t care about at all in a long-term, buy-and-hold investment portfolio.
I’m not even an ardent subscriber to Larry Swedroe‘s reminder to “take your risk on the equities side,” but I see no logical explanation for the inclusion of junk bonds in this setting. I suppose the supporting argument might be to take on more credit risk, but then why not use foreign sovereign debt for that? Or again, if we’re taking risk in bonds, use treasuries with a longer maturity. Once again, diversification is supposed to be the focus, and junk bonds here don’t really offer any that I can see.
Lastly, let’s talk about precious metals. This means a basket of gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. A broad precious metals position such as this is more correlated with stocks compared to just holding the most popular one: gold. Green is perhaps looking at the diversification within the asset (i.e. holding multiple metals) instead of looking at the diversification of the portfolio as a whole, which is a faux pas that Harry Markowitz himself has warned investors about.
Just like with the bonds, holding multiple types sounds nice at first glance, making you think you’re more diversified, but don’t take the bait; it may actually hurt the portfolio as a whole after considering the other assets. That is, diversification via casting a wide net within an asset class (i.e. multiple metals, multiple types of bonds, etc.) may work against the diversification of the overall portfolio. This is a subtle but important distinction. And it’s admittedly hard to wrap your head around at first. Basically, we’re interested in the lowest correlation among assets for the greatest diversification benefit, thus solely utilizing gold would be preferable in this case.
Ok, so maybe we should put that 5% in just gold. But now let’s talk about that gold. Gold – or any metal – is not a value-producing asset, so it has a long-term real expected return of zero. In choosing diversifiers, even though low correlation – and preferably, no correlation – is important and desirable (gold is lowly correlated to both stocks and bonds), we still want the diversifier to have positive future expected returns, otherwise we’re not really improving the risk-adjusted return of the portfolio. That is, an asset like gold invariably reduces the portfolio’s volatility and risk but likely simply drags down its long-term total return.
Now I’ll be the first to admit that this tradeoff – sacrificing returns to lower the portfolio’s risk – may be perfectly acceptable, suitable, and even desirable for very-risk-averse investors or for retirees, but I’d imagine that for most people reading this who have a reasonably long investing horizon (myself included), an asset like gold only creates an opportunity cost where you could have held something else in its place – basically, that there are other things, like bonds and TIPS, that can do a better job than gold of achieving the same goal.
The usual argument for gold is that it’s to hedge against inflation. First, we already have a healthy amount of TIPS and REITs for that. Secondly, gold has not been a reliable inflation hedge historically. Thus, with its small positive correlation to stocks, I think gold may offer a short-term diversification benefit and will likely reduce portfolio volatility and risk, but I invest for the long term and I try not to care about the short-term noise. Lastly, gold and metals funds always have higher fees, with broad metals funds being even pricier than gold funds, and also remember that gold in a taxable account is taxed as a collectible at 28%.
Conclusion
Everyone had been asking me to review this one for a while, so to be frank, I think I expected something a little more impressive, special, and research-backed. I recognize my criticisms may sound harsh, but Green makes a lot of glamorous promises and mentions regarding diversification, performance, simplicity, and an evidentiary basis (Modern Portfolio Theory) for the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio that just don’t seem to hold up under the microscope, so I can’t let him off the hook that easily.
This case reminds me a bit of the 7Twelve Portfolio, which I said seemed like a pro forma case of “diversification for the sake of diversification.” In this case with the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio, diversifying more broadly within asset types results in neither greater expected returns nor a lower risk profile. Green talks so much about diversification, but the portfolio’s constituent sources of risk are not very diversified.
Moreover, one can always choose assets first and then run an optimization algorithm on them within the framework of Markowitz’s Modern Portfolio Theory, which may be what Green did here that resulted in junk bonds being included. This is sort of letting the tail wag the dog. One would ideally do the reverse, letting asset correlations and expected returns dictate – or at least influence – the specific assets chosen to include in the portfolio and the allocations thereof.
I’ve put my money where my mouth is by tweaking and backtesting the portfolio below with my proposed improvements.
My Modified Gone Fishin’ Portfolio
I noted some changes I would make – that I would somewhat selfishly, perhaps egotistically view as objective, evidence-based improvements – in discussing the assets in the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio above. Here are those specific changes, followed by the proposed portfolio allocations:
- Use U.S. small cap value instead of U.S. small cap blend.
- Use a single Developed Markets position instead of segmenting Pacific and European stocks.
- Increase the allocation to Emerging Markets even more. I’ve simply made them equal in weight to Developed Markets.
- Utilize long-term treasury bonds instead of short-term investment-grade bonds and high-yield corporate bonds.
- Throw the precious metals overboard. I just added that 5% to the REITs, so now the REITs weighting equals the TIPS position.
The resulting portfolio – I’ll call it the “Modified Gone Fishin’ Portfolio,” which looks fairly similar to my own portfolio – would look like this:
- 15% U.S. Stocks
- 15% U.S. Small Cap Value
- 15% Developed Markets
- 15% Emerging Markets
- 20% Long-Term Treasury Bonds
- 10% TIPS
- 10% REITs
Here’s how my Modified Gone Fishin’ Portfolio above would have worked out historically compared to the original:
In short, my modified version beats the original on every metric: higher general and risk-adjusted returns, lower volatility, and smaller max drawdown.
Here are the rolling returns:
Gone Fishin’ Portfolio ETF Pie for M1 Finance
M1 Finance is a great choice of broker to implement the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio because it makes regular rebalancing seamless and easy, has zero transaction fees, and incorporates dynamic rebalancing for new deposits. I wrote a comprehensive review of M1 Finance here.
Using mostly low-cost Vanguard funds, we can construct the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio like this:
- VTI – 15%
- VB – 15%
- VPL – 10%
- VGK – 10%
- VWO – 10%
- BSV – 10%
- USHY – 10%
- SCHP – 10%
- VNQ – 5%
- GLTR – 5%
You can add the Gone Fishin’ Portfolio pie to your portfolio on M1 Finance by clicking this link and then clicking “Save to my account.”
My Modified Gone Fishin’ Portfolio ETF Pie for M1 Finance
We can construct my modified version discussed above using the funds below. Conveniently, it can be built with fewer funds (greater simplicity) and lower fees (0.08% compared to 0.10%):
- VTI – 15%
- VIOV – 15%
- VEA – 15%
- VWO – 15%
- VGLT – 20%
- SCHP – 10%
- VNQ – 10%
You can add this Modified Gone Fishin’ Portfolio pie to your portfolio on M1 Finance by clicking this link and then clicking “Save to my account.”
Hopefully it will allow you to afford a better fishing pole in retirement.
Disclosure: I am long VWO, VEA, , VGLT, VIOV, and SCHP in my own portfolio.
Interested in more Lazy Portfolios? See the full list here.
Disclaimer: While I love diving into investing-related data and playing around with backtests, I am in no way a certified expert. I have no formal financial education. I am not a financial advisor, portfolio manager, or accountant. This is not financial advice, investing advice, or tax advice. The information on this website is for informational and recreational purposes only. Investment products discussed (ETFs, mutual funds, etc.) are for illustrative purposes only. It is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or otherwise transact in any of the products mentioned. Do your own due diligence. Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Read my lengthier disclaimer here.
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